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Kosmothink

Exploring what works in BPM, PM, Startup, Lean, Kanban, Systems, Communications land

“Great designs have conceptual integrity—unity, economy, clarity. They not only work, they delight”

Frederick Brooks, The Design of Design: Essays from a Computer Scientist

Permit me to wax artistic on a Saturday morning…

Wells Cathedral - so much thought, math, planning leading to such incredible beauty.

It’s interesting to think of a project as the realization of a design concept. We tend to think of a project as the organization of the work. Design is usually a phase of some sort within the project that produces some ‘thing’ at the end of the project.

But what if we started to think of the project itself as a designed entity?  What if we saw ourselves as builders of an organizational design of people and resources? And that like a design for a building, the project could take literally thousands of shapes, pay homage to stylistic types and even be classified as ‘art’, and maybe; a thing of beauty.

The project charter would then become the initial design concept, a result of intensive thought, creativity and review during project initiation. 

I’ve been reading The Design of Design, essays by Frederick Brooks of Mythical Man Month fame. You may not know that Brooks was not only a computer scientist, but created designs in architecture, houses, books, and organizations. And, in fact, he wrote Design of Design to discuss and explore common concepts he observed across these disciplines.

Thus the book begins with what Brooks calls the ‘shared invisible entity’ of the Design Concept. The Design Concept is really an idea, and the idea can be shared, and discussed even though it has no physical form.

A typical project design would include answers to questions like; what is the reason we are doing this work, what value will it bring, how will communications be structured, what tools will be used to communicate, how will processes develop and change, how will we measure success, how and when will we handle risk and change.

We have templates for this thinking in most organizations (project charters, business cases etc.) and when we are moving too fast because of market pressures, we tend to just fill out the template, send it to the PMO and add a ‘done’ check to our list.

Poor design is a sad sad thing. This building literally fell over.

If we were designers however, we might stop and consider the design as applied to the context. We might add elements of lessons learned from the context; we might tailor our communications structures to more closely align to the culture of the business units involved, or adjust the amount of process or documentation to the desired agility of the culture. We would envision not just the management of risks, but how the project organization itself will morph its risk processes in good and bad times.

We would invite challenge on the whole design concept, perhaps personally by taking the time to distill to a purity of concept, or through others using organizational mechanisms (a PMO review for example). We would want our design to have what Brooks calls ‘Conceptual Integrity’.

When I hear the word ‘integrity’ I always think of Star Trek battle scenes where the cool computer female voice calmly states ‘Structural Integrity at 10%. Hull breach in 20 seconds’ and the captain screams ‘ABANDON SHIP’.

Remnants of the last alien attack on Earth. Poor design strikes again.

Integrity is really about solidity, soundness, and absence of holes.   It’s about holding up under pressure, or being so finely built as to stay solid when used, and not fall apart.

In my mind, a good project Design Concept would mean that when the project faces threat, the design maintains its Conceptual Integrity. The goal doesn’t fizzle or dissolve, the envisioned value is still attainable even under incredibly tough circumstances.

A ‘beautiful’ project, then, will include elegant and flexible structures that protect the envisioned value such that at the end, we will sense that there was something different and ‘delightful’ about the project design.

I have done this at times, and it was usually when, while designing the project, I went into a super creative mode. I started off with the model, a project charter for example, and then added elements based on my observations and conversations. I allowed for customization to circumstances and invited analysis of the integrity of my concept from others.  The design concept would even heavily morph to respond to envisioned (not yet realize) conceptual holes.

Meanwhile, beautiful design inspires over the centuries.

This all implies a heavy devotion of time to Project Initiation proceses, and the addition of design reviews prior to project planning. Most importantly, this involves allowing ourselves to think creatively about  processes that are usually about control. It’s about allowing ourselves to be like architects who manage to create beauty within the confines of physics and gravity.

This involves allowing ourselves to think creatively about  processes that are usually about control. It’s about allowing ourselves to be like architects who manage to create beauty within the confines of physics and gravity

This is something to consider and in fact, a as potential paradigm shift, can help us PMs think of ourselves as designers, add a layer of delight, creativity and enjoyment to our work.

Happy New Year Dear Reader!

I had a fabulous New Year as I attended my very first Mummer’s parade in Philadelphia!  What is a Mummer and what is the parade about – well, google it – and suffice to say it was one of the most trippy new years I’ve ever had.

Check the video – you’ll be glad you did – Just regular folks getting all dressed up for no good reason.

So lately I’ve been building out risk management in my organization, and as I was sizing up my risk log I unconsciously reached for my trusty Taxonomy Based Questionnaire, and a still small voice rose up in me that said quietly ‘other PMs should know.’  And suddenly,  I was flooded with appreciation the likes of which you feel when you realize a pair of well made old boots has served you well over many years.

This questionnaire has become un-questionably ( :> ) my most valuable project management tool because it reminds me of everything that could possibly go wrong on a project, and gives me the language to use to address it.

The secret's out! The Taxonomy Based Questionnaire can save your behind!

A taxonomy is a ‘classification into ordered categories.’  The Software Engineering institute at Carnegie Mellon (you know, the CMMI folks) created the Taxonomy of Operational Risks back in 1993. The Taxonomy in and of itself is good enough to jog a PMs memory of hindsight realizations you rather not have in hindsight anymore.

SEI Risk Taxonomy

But the best part is the questionnaire based on the taxonomy, hidden in the back (skip to page B-3) of  the 1993 Taxonomy-Based Risk Identification publication.  1993!  Think of how many failed projects could have been saved by asking questions like…oh, I don’t know…

[144] Is the schedule realistic?

(Yes) (144.a) Is the estimation method based on historical data?

(Yes) (144.b) Has the method worked well in the past

or

[17] Does any of the design depend on unrealistic or optimistic assumptions?

or

[7] Are you able to understand the requirements as written?

(No) (7.a) Are the ambiguities being resolved satisfactorily?

(Yes) (7.b) There are no ambiguities or problems of interpretation

Seems simple enough, but asked early enough and loudly enough, these questions could prevent you from disaster!

So take a look, (skip to page B-3),  read through them, ask them, loudly and often.  Your project will be happy you did!

Fostering good water may be just as, or more important than, swimming in the same direction towards a goal

“Fish discover water last…In a similar way, we… discover trust last.”

Steven Covey, the Speed of Trust

My church is starting an effort to improve the way we use technology to communicate our story. I volunteered as the PM for the effort and we had our first meeting last week. Now, typically in a project visioning session, the idea is to gather as much information as you can from the project sponsor, and then plan out how to analyze the current state, molding the future work towards the sponsors vision. So that was my expectation going into the meeting.

I started it off by asking the Pastor to give his vision, and then, as I am used to, we started working through ideas to bring that vision to reality. One team member suggested a brainstorming session to gather more data about what church go-ers wanted, which I thought was the right and proper next step.

“Great idea!” I said. “I wonder what we should do to make that…”

“Well,” my Pastor interrupted. “An effort like that may be a bit of a ways off, you may want to hold on for a few months to allow the team to gel before you take on such an endeavor.”

My head cocked to one side, like Data from Next Generation, pondering new information that I hadn’t considered before.

Interesting, I thought to myself. Usually, and you the PM reader will appreciate this, we want to show progress on a project pretty much as soon as possible. So here was a project sponsor elevating a previously unstated goal – good team dynamics – higher than progress on project deliverables.

Then I realized that for him, and for churches in general, fostering connection is the goal. Creating connection that lasts so people feel part of a healthy, enjoyable group is primary, the problem to which we apply that connected team focus, is secondary.

This is a major mind shift for me.

In the business world, the project goal is always primary, and good team dynamics are a method, a means to an end, not a goal.  Now here was a suggestion to flip that; the project goal is good team dynamics, and  the problem to be solved is the method.

But now that I think about it, the only thing that really lasts from job to job, are the residual good feelings and warm connection to people with whom I’ve had great team dynamics, where I’ve fostered connections that I value, and that make me feel less alone in the world.

Fun, connection..a necessary goal on any project

These are the people with whom if we teamed together again, I’m absolutely sure that anything we work on would be successful.

Conversely, with those people who I haven’t been able to foster a good connection, I can tell you that if we had to work on a team again, whatever we had to build would come out slower, and probably not be as fruitful.

So what if we made foster connection the primary goal of any project we work on?

In a project charter we would go from this kind of success statement…

This project will be a success if web visitors immediately understand the purpose and mission of the church

to this kind of statement…

This project will be a success if team members develop a great working relationship and collaboratively build a site where web visitors immediately understand the purpose and mission of the church

How would we act differently? What would we do at the beginning of projects that we wouldn’t normally do if building great working relationships was a stated goal?

And most importantly what impact would this have on our success?

So interestingly enough, the church team walked away with a group decision to analyze what currently exists, which is what I would have suggested and pushed for from the beginning of the meeting.

But because my Pastor got me thinking early in the meeting about team, I pulled back on my directiveness, and relaxed any expectation for actually walking out of the meeting with any ‘real’ work done.

The ‘real’ work, I figured, was to allow team members to build relationships through dialogue and sharing of ideas. So my facilitation focused on that.

And paradoxically enough, we wound up with the same end result that I would’ve pushed for, without it being just my idea, without me telling people what to do and with a sense that this was our decision, which has quickly moved us forward towards feeling like a cohesive unit.

For me, a PM used to pushing forward with plans, it seemed almost too easy. And as people walked away buoyed by the interactions, expressing “good meeting” to each other, I almost felt like I had done nothing but fostered connection.

And yet, everything else is getting done.

Wow.

I don’t know, maybe it’s me, but I’ve been sort of wondering where the PM fits in anymore in a self-organized team world. I’ve silently wondered if I was walking around with dinosaur skills. So who cares that I can manage stakeholders when the product owner is on the team? Yeah, I can see start to start relationships a mile away, but we don’t use Microsoft Project anymore, so who cares?

I mean, a lot of what we do as PMs is administrative.  Taking notes, setting up schedules, updating tickets, writing status reports, calculating spend. 

And a lot of it is communicating; ferrying information between groups, making sure everyone is on the same page, making sure people understand their roles.

And a lot if is solitary strategic thinking.  It’s looking at the next sprint and thinking about resources, or sitting with a project plan and figuring out what benefit will come to the stakeholders, or anticipating costs and risks before they hit. 

Communicating, Administration, Strategic thinking – these things don’t produce product; something hard and tangible, like code, or Amazon instances, or user documentation.

But here’s my a-ha moment. Seeing forest AND trees is STILL a great skill…and it’s kind of rare. And we shouldn’t downplay it.

Chances are that if you look around you, especially in IT shops, most people aren’t doing administration, coordination, strategic thinking. They’re building code, or infrastructures. They’re focused on one or two immediate deadlines, not what’s gonna happen in a month. Or two.

Somebody’s got to do that, cause if it doesn’t get done, disaster ensues.

Observing self-organizing kanban teams this past year, sort of enabled me to separate the wheat from the chaff in terms of knowing where the PM fits.  

What’s been pulled away from project management in scrum/agile worlds is task sequencing, team ‘leadership’, and the need to define roles and responsibilities. Self organizing teams manage this on their own, so in general, task scheduling and sequencing is not needed.

But understanding the whole roadmap is.  Seeing how tasks bubble up to what’s gonna happen next week and next month is. Managing pushy stakeholders around requirements changes so the dev team doesn’t all quit, is.

Somebody's got to see it all working togehter

In other words, communication, coordination, administration and strategic thinking are the skills you should start to emphasize on your resume because these are the skills that development teams aren’t thinking about when they’re building stuff.

Project Managers who have these skills fill in that necessary middle layer, greasing the skids, keeping the machine well oiled, acting as diplomatic courier – you get the idea. 

So, we aren’t dinosaurs! We just have to realize what’s needed now, and that the need to have people who see the big and the little, the short and the long term, is probably not going to go away, no matter what development methodology we use.

As Project Managers we have the ability to help bring back focus in a tough economy. And that focus now, more than ever, should be on the customer and the ROI.

I got to thinking about this whilst reading Kendall and Rollins Advanced Project Portfolio Management and the PMO: Multiple ROI at Warp Speed on PMI’s ereads and reference: They write:

“When an organization faces insufficient market demand, the number of projects in the organization increases. All executives are pressured to find additional ways of meeting the goals. Therefore, the pressure on project managers and resources becomes greater. The result is predictable but not intuitive – the more projects that are initiated with insufficient resources, the few projects are finished and the longer each project takes to complete.”

Is this happening in your company? Are resources being stretched, accomplishments minimal, and stress levels high?  I’m starting to hear about this alot; companies are looking at fluctuating market conditions and sort of freaking out. They all have to ‘do something!’ Fast!

So they develop projects to ‘do something’ but these projects are done in a rush, out of fear for individual survival, and with minimal thought to what the customer wants, and what the return will be. This then results in too may people being stretched too far to do things that don’t actually improve sales anyway.

I’m also reading alot about ‘value’. Value is a concept used in lean manufacturing and I’m encouraged to see that PMI is starting to think about the use of lean principles in Project Management.

What exactly is value?

Value is something the customer is willing to pay for; anything else is waste

(Pyzdek and Keller, 2010, p.46)

Let’s think of value to the customer as a bar that we are trying to reach. The customer has a vision for what they need from a product or service; what they are willing to pay for. This is their envisioned value. And it exists whether we have tapped into it or not.


Let’s assume that we have some idea of the envisioned value and are creating something to get to that, so that we can pull out the return from that value. Everything prior to that bar, all the efforts we make in projects is value that has yet to be realized, is unrealized value (KPMG, 2009). Unrealized value includes the investment in resources, time, materials made to reach the bar.

When you successfully complete the project, you then ‘realize’ the value, customers are buying and you start to see the return on the investment (ROI).

This is really simple, and it probably makes sense to you.

Startups get this.  In fact, the startup culture is all about what the customer wants.  In my company (a startup) everything is customer driven; almost all  projects are for customers, and almost all resources are involved in a project that adds value for customers. Maybe that’s why startups are the new engine of the economy.

So what does all this have to do with Project Management? Project Managers can help companies keep their eyes on the prize. We monitor and control the scope, we serve to integrate all the pieces, we know the whole shebang. So we are in a unique position to question the course and suggest adjustments to get back on track. When we marry that up with an ROI focus, we then speak the language of business, we then talk about what senior executives care about, which increases our own personal value, but more importantly, makes a positive contribution to increasing the bottom line.

In other words, we can help prevent lots of wasted investment and effort by evaluating the intent and scope of our projects in the light of a few key important points.

Point 1:

Projects should be initiated because they somehow add value to what is sold to the customer.

Point 2:

We should absolutely seek out what the customer values, and make it central to any project.

Point 3:

The Return on Investment (ROI) is the point. Until the project completes successfully, everything done on the project is unrealized value and wasted investment.

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